Private Pilot Terms and Definitions

Axis of Flight: Longitudinal, Lateral, and Vertical. All are around the Center of Gravity.

Dynamic Forces on an Airplane in Flight:
1. Lift
2. Weight
3. Thrust
4. Drag

Gyroscopic Precession: Resultant reaction of an object when force is applied.

Altitude:
Indicated – Actual instrument reading
Pressure – Adjusted for non-standard pressure
Density – Adjusted for non-standard temperature
True – Actual height above object from mean sea level
Absolute – Actual height above the earth’s surface

Angle of Attack: Angle between flight path and the wing chord.

Angle of Incidence: Angle between wing chord and longitudinal axis.

Pitot-Static Blockages:
A clogged pito tube will affect the accuracy of airspeed indications.

A clogged static port will affect the Altimeter, VSI, and Airspeed indicator. If an alternate source is used (usually in the cabin of the aircraft) static pressure will be lower than the outside air and result in increased airspeed and altitude indications.

Magnetic Turning Error: The amount of lead or lag will typically approximately equal the latitude the aircraft is located at.

Complex Aircraft: Retractable gear and constant speed propeller.

High Performance Aircraft: Aircraft with an engine over 200 horsepower.

Left Turning Tendencies of and Airplane:
1. Asymmetric Propeller Loading (P – Factor)
2. Gyroscopic Procession
3. Spiraling Slipstream
4. Torque
Levels of Learning:

1. Rote
2. Understanding
3. Application
4. Correlation

Laws of Learning:
1. Law of Readiness
2. Law of Exercise
3. Law of Effect
4. Law of Primacy
5. Law of Intensity
6. Law of Recency

Maslow’s Hierarchy:
Self-Fulfillment
Ego
Social
Safety
Physical

Hazardous Attitudes to Flight:
1. Anti-Authority
2. Impulsivity
3. Invulnerability
4. Macho
5. Resignation

Visual Scanning Process: Process of focusing on segments of the sky for traffic or obstructions to the flight path. This allows the eyes to clearly focus on potential threats. This should be a systematic process for the pilot that covers all areas of the sky. This is to include blind spots for the pilot. This is of increased importance when performing maneuvers that may bring the plane into the path of another aircraft transitioning an area. It is also important under normal flight conditions to maintain separation from other aircraft as well.

Weight Shift Computation:
Weight of Cargo Moved
Airplane Weight 		= Distance CG Moves
Distance Between Arm Locations
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